Classical Methods of Quantitative Analysis

The course Classical Methods of Quantitative Analysis covers gravimetry and titrimetry (volumetric analysis), traditional techniques of high precision and accuracy for quality control. In gravimetry, the analyte is converted into a poorly soluble precipitate, with digestion (Ostwald ripening) for purification and crystal growth, followed by filtration, calcination, and weighing using the gravimetric factor. Volatilization methods are also explored for indirect or direct quantification of gases.

Titrimetry focuses on neutralization (acidimetry and alkalimetry), determining the analyte concentration by the exact volume of titrant dispensed up to the end point of the reaction. The course differentiates the equivalence point (theoretical) from the end point (experimental) and teaches how to interpret titration curves and the "pH jump" to select appropriate indicators, such as phenolphthalein or methyl orange.

Finally, it emphasizes the standardization of titrant solutions, using primary standards (e.g., potassium hydrogen phthalate, sodium carbonate) to ensure reliable results, correcting concentration variations caused by moisture, gases, or reagent volatility.